Products >> Fungicides >> Prochloraz
Prochloraz
Prochloraz 25%EW
Prochloraz 45%EW
Fungicide
FRAC 3; DMI: imidazole
NOMENCLATURE
Common name prochloraz (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI)
IUPAC name N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide;
1-{N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]}carbamoylimidazole
Chemical Abstracts name N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide
CAS RN [67747-09-5] EEC no. 266-944-5 Development codes BTS 40 542
(Boots)
Prochloraz APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Steroid demethylation (ergosterol biosynthesis) inhibitor.
Mode of action Fungicide with protective and eradicant action. Uses
A protectant and eradicant fungicide effective against a wide range
of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf, and vegetables.
An EC is recommended for use in cereals (400-600 g a.i./ha) against
Pseudocercosporella, Pyrenophora, Rhynchosporium, and Septoria spp.,
with useful activity against Erysiphe spp.; in oilseed rape (500
g/ha) against Alternaria, Botrytis, Pyrenopeziza and Sclerotinia
spp. Useful activity is also shown against Ascochyta and Botrytis
spp. in field legumes; and Cercospora and Erysiphe spp. in beet.
Good activity against storage or transit diseases of citrus and
tropical fruit when applied as a dip treatment (0.5-0.7 g a.i./l).
A WP is recommended in mushrooms against Verticillium fungicola
and Mycogone perniciosa, and in rice against Pyricularia. A seed
treatment (0.2-0.5 g/kg) will control several cereal diseases caused
by Cochliobolus, Fusarium, Pyrenophora and Septoria spp., and, in
flax, Alternaria. Formulation types EC; EW; FS; LS; WP. Compatibility
Forms a complex with some metal ions, e.g. prochloraz-manganese
used for WP formulations. Selected tradenames: 'Sportak' (Aventis);
'Eyetak' (Barclay); 'Mirage' (Makhteshim-Agan); mixtures: 'Sponsor'
(+ fenpropidin) (Aventis); 'Sportak Alpha' (+ carbendazim) (Aventis);
'Vista' (+ fluquinconazole) (Aventis)
Prochloraz OTHER TRADENAMES
'Abavit' (Aventis); 'Ascurit' (Aventis); 'Octave' (Aventis); 'Omega'
(Aventis); 'Orbit' (Aventis); 'Prelude' (Aventis); 'Rival' (Aventis);
'Sporgon' (Aventis); 'Sprint' (Aventis); 'Alpha Mirage 40' (Makhteshim-Agan);
'Barclay Eyetak' (Barclay); 'Fungi' (Stefes); 'Master' (Vapco);
'Stefes Poraz' (Stefes) mixtures: 'Allure' (+ chlorothalonil) (Aventis);
'Evidan' (+ fluquinconazole) (Aventis); 'Foil' (+ fluquinconazole)
(Aventis); 'Fongral' (+ bromuconazole) (Aventis); 'Nordika' (+ fenbuconazole)
(Aventis); 'Novak' (+ carbendazim) (Aventis); 'Profile' (+ cyproconazole)
(Aventis); 'Sportak Delta' (+ cyproconazole) (Aventis); 'Sportak
Plus' (+ fluquinconazole) (Aventis); 'Sprint HF' (+ fenpropimorph)
(Aventis); 'Stanza' (+ fenpropimorph) (Aventis); 'Tiptor' (+ cyproconazole)
(Aventis); 'Agate' (+ tebuconazole) (spray, UK) (Bayer); 'Bonanza'
(+ tetraconazole) (Sipcam Phyteurop); 'Bumper P' (+ propiconazole)
(Makhteshim-Agan); 'Diams' (+ tebuconazole) (spray, France) (Bayer);
'Épopée' (+ tebuconazole) (spray, France) (Bayer);
'Mirage Extra' (+ fenbuconazole) (PBI, Makhteshim-Agan); 'Mirage
Plus' (+ folpet) (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Mirage Super' (+ fenpropimorph)
(Makhteshim-Agan)
Prochloraz ANALYSIS
Product analysis by hplc and glc. Residue analysis by glc. Details
available from Aventis.
MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 40, 41 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute
oral LD50 for rats 1600-2400, mice 2400 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute
percutaneous LD50 for rats >2100, rabbits >3000 mg/kg. Not
irritating to skin; slight eye irritation (rabbits). Inhalation
LC50 (4 h) for rats >2.16 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) for dogs 30 mg/kg
diet (0.92 mg/kg daily). ADI (JMPR) 0.01 mg/kg b.w. [1983]. Toxicity
class WHO (a.i.) III EC hazard Xn; R22| N; R50, R53
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail 662, mallard ducks >1954
mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (5 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >5200
mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 1.5, bluegill sunfish
2.2 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 4.3 mg/l. Algae EbC50 (72 h) for Selenastrum
capricornutum 0.1 mg/l; ErC50 1.54 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. EC50
(96 h) for Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 0.95, mysid shrimp
(Mysidopsis bahia) 0.77 mg/l. Bees Low toxicity to bees. LD50 (topical)
50 mg/bee; (oral) 60 mg/bee. Worms LC50 for earthworms (Eisenia
foetida) 207 mg/kg soil. Other beneficial spp. Low toxicity to a
range of beneficial arthropods.
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals In all species examined, prochloraz is rapidly metabolised
initially by cleavage of the imidazole ring and quantitatively eliminated
from the body, following oral administration. Whilst absorption
following dermal exposure is low, residues in plasma and tissues
are again rapidly eliminated from the body. Plants The primary plant
metabolite, N-formyl-N'-1-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)urea,
is formed from cleavage of the imidazole ring. This is degraded
to N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)urea, which occurs
in both free and conjugated forms. Other metabolites include 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethanol,
2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, traces of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
and conjugates of the above. Little unchanged prochloraz is present.
Soil/Environment Degrades in the soil to a range of mainly volatile
metabolites (degradation is not pH-dependent). Prochloraz is well
adsorbed onto soil particles, and is not readily leached; Kd 152
(sandy loam), 256 (silty clay loam). In a further study, mean Koc
1463. Possesses low toxicity to a wide range of soil microflora
and microfauna, but has inhibitory effects on soil fungi. DT50 under
field conditions is 5-37 d.